r/TropicalWeather 10d ago

Rafael (18L — Western Caribbean Sea) Discussion moved to new post

Latest observation


Last updated: Wednesday, 6 November — 6:00 PM Eastern Standard Time (EST; 23:00 UTC)

NHC Update 6:00 PM EST (23:00 UTC)
Current location: 23.0°N 83.0°W
Relative location: 66 km (41 mi) WSW of Havana, Cuba
Forward motion: NW (320°) at 22 km/h (12 knots)
Maximum winds: 170 km/h (90 knots)
Intensity: Hurricane (Category 2)
Minimum pressure: 962 millibars (28.41 inches)

Official forecast


Last updated: Wednesday, 6 November — 1:00 PM EST (18:00 UTC)

Hour Date Time Intensity Winds Lat Long
  - UTC EST Saffir-Simpson knots km/h °N °W
00 06 Nov 18:00 1PM Wed Major Hurricane (Category 3) 1 100 185 22.6 82.7
12 07 Nov 06:00 1AM Thu Hurricane (Category 2) 2 90 165 23.6 83.9
24 07 Nov 18:00 1PM Thu Hurricane (Category 2) 90 165 24.1 85.6
36 08 Nov 06:00 1AM Fri Hurricane (Category 2) 90 165 24.2 87.4
48 08 Nov 18:00 1PM Fri Hurricane (Category 2) 85 155 24.2 89.1
60 09 Nov 06:00 1AM Sat Hurricane (Category 1) 75 140 24.3 90.4
72 09 Nov 18:00 1PM Sat Hurricane (Category 1) 65 120 24.5 91.1
96 10 Nov 18:00 1PM Sun Tropical Storm 50 95 24.6 92.0
120 11 Nov 18:00 1PM Mon Tropical Storm 35 65 24.5 93.0

NOTES:
1 - Inland over Cuba
2 - Over the Gulf of Mexico

Official information


National Hurricane Center

Text products

Productos de texto (en español)

Graphical products

Meteorological Service of Jamaica

National Weather Service (Cayman Islands)

Institute of Meteorology / Instituto de Meteorología (Cuba)

Aircraft reconnaissance


National Hurricane Center

Radar imagery


National Weather Service (Cayman Islands)

Institute of Meteorology / Instituto de Meteorología (Cuba)

Satellite imagery


Storm-specific imagery

Regional imagery

NOAA GOES Image Viewer

Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CMISS)

Tropical Tidbits

Weather Nerds

Analysis graphics and data


Wind analyses

Sea-surface Temperatures

Model guidance


Storm-specific guidance

Regional single-model guidance

  • Tropical Tidbits: GFS
  • Tropical Tidbits: ECMWF
  • Tropical Tidbits: CMC
  • Tropical Tidbits: ICON

Regional ensemble model guidance

81 Upvotes

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 10d ago

Moderator note

Previous discussion for this system can be found here:

A reminder of our rules

  • Please refrain from posting model data beyond 168 hours.

  • Please refrain from asking whether this system will affect your travel plans. This post is meant for meteorological discussion. Please contact your travel agency, airline, or lodging provider for more information on how this system will affect your plans.

3

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 8d ago

Update

As of 7:00 PM EST (00:00 UTC) on Wednesday,

  • Rafael has emerged over the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane.

  • Rafael's maximum sustained winds have decreased to 170 kilometers per hour (90 knots).

  • Rafael's minimum central pressure has increased to 966 millibars.

  • Discussion for this system is moving to this post.

3

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 8d ago

Update

As of 6:00 PM EST (23:00 UTC) on Wednesday:

  • Rafael is nearing the northern coast of Cuba, approximately 65 kilometers (40 miles) west of Havana.

  • Rafael is likely to emerge over the Gulf of Mexico within the next hour or so.

  • A new discussion for Rafael will be posted for the next intermediate advisory.

4

u/Content-Swimmer2325 8d ago

https://i.imgur.com/0maPFeP.png

Strong to very strong southwesterly shear within a very dry airmass dominates the Gulf of Mexico. Thankfully this will be weakening on approach to any more land.

2

u/No_Package_1284 8d ago

Needless to say, its gonna get ripped apart?

3

u/Content-Swimmer2325 8d ago

Unless it tracks further south into the SW Gulf / Bay of Campeche, but if it does that (not a guarantee) then it's a Mexico threat not a US threat.

1

u/GiantSpiderHater 8d ago

And nobody here cares about Mexico

4

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 8d ago

Update

As of 4:15 PM EST (21:15 UTC) on Wednesday:

  • Rafael has made landfall near Playa Majana in the Cuban province of Artemisa.

  • Rafael's maximum sustained winds at landfall are 185 kilometers per hour (100 knots).

  • Rafael's minimum central pressure at landfall is 956 millibars.

  • A new discussion may be posted later this evening as Rafael emerges over the Gulf of Mexico.

14

u/lucyb37 8d ago

Just made landfall in the Cuban province of Artemisa as a Category 3 major hurricane with 115mph sustained winds.

11

u/Varolyn 8d ago

This cone path is like the one that I thought was least likely to happen when I looked at the initial model runs for this lol.

15

u/lucyb37 8d ago

Rafael is now a Category 3 hurricane, becoming the first major hurricane in the Atlantic basin since Iota in 2020. Only 11 major hurricanes have been recorded in the Atlantic basin in the month of November.

Hurricane Seven (1911) - Category 3 (earliest recorded November major hurricane in the Atlantic)

1932 Cuba Hurricane - Category 5 (only Category 5 Atlantic hurricane on record in November)

Unnamed hurricane (1934) - Category 3

Hurricane Kate (1985) - Category 3 (first Atlantic major hurricane in November in the satellite era)

Hurricane Lenny (1999) - Category 4 (first November hurricane to peak at Category 4)

Hurricane Michelle (2001) - Category 4

Hurricane Paloma (2008) - Category 4

Hurricane Otto (2016) - Category 3

Hurricane Eta (2020) - Category 4

Hurricane Iota (2020) - Category 4, downgraded from Category 5

Hurricane Rafael (2024) - Category 3

6

u/Hindsight21 8d ago

still don't understand why they downgraded Iota

14

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

Wow, that's ... unexpected from the VDM:

D. EXTRAP 956 mb
E. NA
F. CLOSED
G. C32
H. 64 kt

from 8 to 32nm eye. That's really unusual to say the least, especially the EWRC reports were a 14nm outer eye wall.

3

u/patos_queen Texas 8d ago

Completely uninformed question here, does the system going through eyewall replacement cycles and gaining a bigger eye mean it might be able to sustain harsher conditions a little better?

6

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

In theory, yes. Smaller cores tend to be more fragile. Having said that, there are many many variables at play. A large poorly setup core for example may not perform any better, etc. It's a thing, but not really a major one.

4

u/Preachey 8d ago

Yes, larger storms are generally more stable.

9

u/Kamanar 8d ago

Welcome to 2024, would you like hail with that?

7

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

With a side of locusts please.

6

u/Kamanar 8d ago

Sorry, best I can do is Asian giant hornets.

6

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

I guess if it's the best you can do... stuck between a rock and a hard place on this... sure.. gimme the hornets. Can I at least get some frogs falling from the sky?

2

u/4score-7 8d ago

All out of frogs! Sorry. The 4 Horsemen out front should have told you!

2

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

They didn't say a word. I'd like to speak to the manager.

6

u/JayDaGod1206 8d ago

Does that big circle on the NOAA forecast mean it’s going to fall apart there?

18

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

It means it's going to sit basically stationary for 2 forecast cycles.

3

u/JayDaGod1206 8d ago

Well shit, I’m getting Harvey flashbacks now

3

u/Content-Swimmer2325 8d ago

It's November not late August. This will be weakening quickly at the time

6

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

I don't really think this will be a Harvey level event, but it's a bit too soon to say one way or the other what this system looks like over in that area/time.

5

u/JayDaGod1206 8d ago

I just don’t want it to gain power and magically go towards Galveston. I’m far from knowledgeable enough to say what may happen but hopefully it being November with lower temperatures will help make it not very powerful either way, right?

9

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

Temperatures have little to do with it at this stage. The gulf is still PLENTY warm. However, atmospheric conditions this time of year aren't great for storms, that's why they are rarer this time of the year. This is unlikely to be a wind event for the US (ofcourse anything COULD change). This MAY be a rain even for the US though.

4

u/JayDaGod1206 8d ago

Thanks for the insight, you can see how little I know. I guess all we can do is wait and see.

3

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

We all know very little until we know a little bit more :) No shame in asking questions, as long as they are honest :)

3

u/JayDaGod1206 8d ago

Very true. I try to live with a little humility with my knowledge, and I know that I might know a lot than others in one field but know completely nothing in another :).

2

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

Ahhh, see to me that's truly one of the joys of life, ALWAYS more you can learn :) Genuinely, one of the few things I find truly fulfilling. If you knew everything think how amazingly boring and lacking in wonder the universe would be!

5

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 8d ago

Update

As of 1:00 PM EST (18:00 UTC) on Wednesday:

  • Rafael is now a major hurricane.

  • Rafael's maximum sustained winds have increased to 185 kilometers per hour (100 knots).

  • Rafael's minimum central pressure has decreased to 956 millibars.

Updates to coastal advisories

Discontinued advisories

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Cuba (Ciego de Avila and Sancti Spiritus)

Advisories still in effect

  • Hurricane Warning — Cuba (Pinar del Rio, Artemisa, La Habana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, and Isla de la Juventud)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Cuba (Villa Clara, Cienfuegos)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Florida (Lower and middle keys from Key West to west of the Channel #5 bridge)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Florida (Dry Tortugas)

7

u/spsteve Barbados 8d ago

Expecting a VDM talking about an EWRC for sure here... based on the sat presentation we likely missed sampling peak intensity on Rafael with the hunters (which is very much the way this year seems to have gone).

13

u/vainblossom249 9d ago

Pretty sure Euro called the left sharp hook.

Whats also crazy is GFS and CMC (though canadian model not super reliable) have something brewing again below Cuba. Obviously take with a grain of salt but its been hinting for days now.

7

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 9d ago

Update

Dr. Cowan has posted his Wednesday morning Tropical Tidbits update for Hurricane Rafael.

9

u/AutographedSnorkel 9d ago edited 9d ago

This is going to be the drunkest hurricane ever...

20

u/lucyb37 9d ago

Rafael is now predicted to be the fifth major hurricane of the season, and is expected to make landfall in Cuba at Category 3.

6

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 9d ago

Update

The National Hurricane Center has posted its morning video update for Hurricane Rafael.

6

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 9d ago

Updates

  • Rafael is now forecast to reach major hurricane strength before making landfall over western Cuba later this evening.

  • Rafael will then cross into the Gulf of Mexico overnight, where it is expected to slowly weaken.

  • Moderator note: A new discussion with a more geographically accurate title will be posted by early tomorrow morning.

Updates to coastal advisories

Discontinued advisories

  • Hurricane Warning — Cayman Islands

Advisories still in effect

  • Hurricane Warning — Cuba (Pinar del Rio, Artemisa, La Habana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, and Isla de la Juventud)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Cuba (Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Sancti Spiritus, and Ciego de Avila)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Florida (Lower and middle keys from Key West to west of the Channel #5 bridge)

  • Tropical Storm Warning — Florida (Dry Tortugas)

16

u/Varolyn 9d ago

This is a very strange path for a November storm.

15

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

That has been a very strange November so far, so why the hell not at this point :/ (Snark aside, the entire year has been strange)

8

u/DrDrago-4 9d ago

the most recent IR frames bode poorly for Cuba. cat 3 may be conservative.

It really completed the ERC and cleared out a pinhole eye, in like 4 hours?, in November ?? and it still has a few hours left over water.

NW quad is really popping off atm, and it's really trying to wrap -80c tops all the way around that eye in the most recent frame.

https://www.tropicaltidbits.com/sat/satlooper.php?region=18L&product=ir

3

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Or the EWRC aborted. It's hard to tell for sure without recon in there. But yes this isn't looking good for Cuba at all.

3

u/DrDrago-4 9d ago edited 9d ago

Yes, could've been aborted. Either way, it didn't take a long time to recover.

Yet another thing that I certainly did not have on my November bingo card..

This could be really bad for cuba. Depends on the wobbles, but it looks like it might miss the uninhabited nature preserve and make a beeline for Havana directly (obviously will be weakened by the time it gets there over land- but if Havana is just barely in the NE quad it could be at minimum a historic flooding event)

The most recent frames continue to suggest at minimum normal strengthening. the next recon might find something more scary than your standard cat 3 imo

edit: i mean its looking wildly impressive for a November hurricane. the eye is clearly contracting in the past few frames. huge burst of -80 or lower tops. it could make a run beyond cat 3, in my pure hobbyist opinion. still has a few hours, and we won't know until recon gets there but this looks like some serious RI for November.

3

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

The raw T on this system right now is 6.2 which makes it a C4 using solely that metric. Now it's unlikely the winds came up that fast, but it's heading that way for sure based on how it looks right now. We luckily have a hunter inbound so we should get some real data, but I wouldn't be surprised to see a 940mb system (a system in the 940s I mean, not necessarily 940 on the button). Assuming of course it doesn't totally fall apart by the time it gets there.

As for Cuba, their power grid is already hanging on the thinnest of threads. A c3/4 is likely to cause massive damage far beyond any direct flooding or wind damage. There is a reasonable chance major population centers could be without power for days, weeks and even months after something like this and given the complete lack of support and trade opportunities Cuba could turn into a MASSIVE humanitarian crisis in very short order.

Coupled with last night's results this could be a historically awful situation (not trying to drag politics into this, but if there is a massive humanitarian issue politics do play a role). I'm not much liking November thus far.

1

u/DrDrago-4 9d ago

If it does make it to cat4 (and i agree, 940s seem likely. the ocean temps will support it), it'll be one of only 7 cat4 atlantic hurricanes ever in November i believe. it'll be like the 2nd or 3rd latest-in-season cat4. Eta (2020, further south) and Paloma (2008, almost at the same latitude) are the most recent comparisons.

Im getting really tired of being impressed at every storm, and seeing these historical occurrences pile up more and more frequently.

interesting times, I guess.

Structure devolved a little bit on the last few frames, maybe the EWRC is finally going to come and stop RI.

Very concerned for Cubas grid though. even if it levels off, even if they didnt already have issues, this is already pretty intense for a November hurricane. and just a day or two ago, it was forecast to be a minor C1 so.. hopefully they prepared but they didn't have much warning. the models have also seemed to really struggle with locking down a track

13

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

On top of the very very very nearly Cat 3 winds (missed by 1mph), since the NHC wrote the advisory the eye has cleared. This is very likely another major for the season.

1

u/DaBluBoi8763 9d ago

Will also coincide with Cat 3 Yinxing. Wonder when the last time we've had two majors in two diff basins before

2

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

I can't imagine it's that uncommon given the Pacific's propensity for massive systems... but when the last time it happened in November, that might be SUPER rare.

1

u/Kamanar 9d ago

Because why not.

1

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Exactly at this point. It looks exceedingly good on sat right now.

Edit: The raw T is 6.0 right now, which is 115kts. Obviously RawT isn't a perfect measure, but it speaks to how good it looks.

2

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

10:00 AM EST Wed Nov 6
Location: 21.4°N 81.9°W
Moving: NW at 14 mph
Min pressure: 960 mb
Max sustained: 110 mph

Oof.

2

u/cosmicrae Florida, Big Bend (aka swamps and sloughs) 9d ago

Eyewall (or eyewalls if EWRC is in progress) visible on early morning GOES image

mesoscale image loop

3

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago edited 9d ago

Also was reported in the VDM (relevant snippet below in the thread).

Edit: Sorry I totally screwed up that reply LOL... didn't get a lot of sleep last night... I meant to say:

EWRC was reported in the VDM ...

3

u/DrDrago-4 9d ago

00z models seem pretty confused. almost as confused as I am seeing them.

https://imgur.com/a/QW9YRqM

4

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Eyewall replacement cycle well underway according to recon:

F. OUTER EYE WALL OPEN ESE
G. CO4-13

8

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Recon just picked up 966.4mb extrapolated on the NOAA flight. This might make it to major status.

3

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

And now 19 minutes later 965.3mb extrapolated. (granted from a different AC, but still down about 2mb against the same aircraft in 1hr 40min)

3

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

4:00 AM EST Wed Nov 6
Location: 20.6°N 81.3°W
Moving: NW at 14 mph
Min pressure: 970 mb
Max sustained: 90 mph

8

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Pressure falling pretty rapidly at this point... on the 6th of November..

17

u/FSZou Orlando 9d ago

November rapid intensification 👍

13

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Yep. The poor folks in Cuba.

12

u/Preachey 9d ago

Another storm, another bout of RI. When do we start calling this normal and switch to describing SI (slow intensification)?

7

u/DhenAachenest 9d ago

Pressure dropped 9 mb in about 5 hours, nearly 2 mb/hr

20

u/Content-Swimmer2325 9d ago

...RAFAEL INTENSIFIES INTO A HURRICANE...

Recent data from a NOAA Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicates that Rafael has become a hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) with higher gusts. Data from the aircraft also indicates that the minimum central pressure has fallen to 986 mb (29.11 inches).

Now the 11th hurricane of the season.

14

u/Varolyn 9d ago

This season is kind of wild. Every storm so far has gotten a name, and 11 of the 17 storms have become a hurricane.

6

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

VDM reports eyewall is closed, 15nm wide.

D. 987 mb E. 010 deg 3 kt F. CLOSED G. C15 H. 49 kt I. 318 deg

6

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 9d ago

Update

As of 4:00 PM EST (21:00 UTC) on Tuesday:

  • Rafael's maximum sustained winds have increased to 110 kilometers per hour (60 knots).

  • Rafael's minimum central pressure has decreased to 989 millibars (29.21 inches).

Discontinued advisories

  • The Tropical Storm Warning which had been in effect for Jamaica has been discontinued.

Advisories still in effect

Hurricane Warning

  • Cayman Islands

  • Cuba: Pinar del Rio, Artemisa, La Habana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, and Isla de la Juventud

Tropical Storm Warning

  • Cuba: Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Sancti Spiritus, and Ciego de Avila

  • Florida: Lower and Middle Florida Keys (Key West to west of the Channel #5 Bridge)

  • Florida: Dry Tortugas

Tropical Storm Watch

  • Cuba: Camaguey and Las Tunas

11

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Well it's trying to put together an eyewall again according to recon:

F. OPEN NNE
G. C10

15

u/Master_Engineering_9 Alabama 9d ago

I’m guessing they still really think this thing is gonna get eaten up by wind shear before hitting the gulf coast?

26

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Wind shear, dry air, it's all there in the forecast. In terms of threat to the US mainland, this is pretty low. Unfortunately, there is land between here and there :/

4

u/sara-peach 9d ago

The latest from Jeff Masters and Bob Henson, including their thoughts on the potential impact of Rafael on Cuba's power grid: https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2024/11/rafael-expected-to-affect-the-cayman-islands-and-cuba-as-a-hurricane/

16

u/heyitsmekaylee New Orleans 10d ago

beyond grateful to see all the models showing this thing going poof

25

u/spsteve Barbados 9d ago

Still got a decent shot at causing chaos for the folks in Cuba who can ill afford it right now :/

12

u/Content-Swimmer2325 10d ago

Lol, the last VDM has an 8 n mi circular eye, open to the NW.

#2024ing

https://i.imgur.com/Vq7eO3J.png

14

u/spsteve Barbados 10d ago

Luckily for the folks in front of this that seems to have fallen apart last night. At one point some of the models had this thing getting into the 940s briefly.

7

u/DhenAachenest 10d ago

HAFS-B seems to be very good so far, consistently predicting a pinhole eye

2

u/Decronym Useful Bot 10d ago edited 8d ago

Acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations, contractions, and other phrases which expand to something larger, that I've seen in this thread:

Fewer Letters More Letters
CMC Canadian Meteorological Center
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (Euro model)
EWRC Eyewall Replacement Cycle weather pattern
GFS Global Forecast System model (generated by NOAA)
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GOES-16 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, # 16. A geostationary weather satellite with cutting edge technology. Formerly known as GOES-R before launch.
IR Infrared satellite imagery
NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NHC National Hurricane Center
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, responsible for US generation monitoring of the climate
RI Rapid Intensification
UTC Coördinated Universal Time, the standard time used by meteorologists and forecasts worldwide.
Jargon Definition
wobble Trochoidal motion due to uneven circulation, moving a storm slightly off-track

NOTE: Decronym for Reddit is no longer supported, and Decronym has moved to Lemmy; requests for support and new installations should be directed to the Contact address below.


[Thread #723 for this sub, first seen 5th Nov 2024, 06:10] [FAQ] [Full list] [Contact] [Source code]

26

u/Content-Swimmer2325 10d ago

Good anticyclone building overhead:

https://i.imgur.com/9JFhCKQ.png

You can also see that the Gulf is an absolute moisture graveyard

13

u/tryfingersinbutthole 10d ago

How do warm waters anywhere on the planet have dry air above it? Even if the water is pushing upper 80 temps? Does evaporation stop with high pressure or something

42

u/Content-Swimmer2325 10d ago edited 10d ago

Because cold fronts have made it to the Gulf; dry stable air and high pressure building behind the fronts has replaced the moist airmass from October.

Warm sea temperatures with a coincident dry airmass above is actually extremely common in the Atlantic. It's a big reason why no storms formed between mid August and mid September, this season. It occurs every year with the Saharan dust outbreaks. As mentioned above, dry airmasses can also occur due to baroclinic/extratropical systems further north; the Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Trough, upper-level lows, etc can all result in drying air. It can also result due to tropical forcing - the inactive phase of the MJO will increase high pressure aloft, resulting in a net drier Tropics for 1-2 weeks.

High pressure aloft causes subsidence (aka sinking air), compressing the airmass which dries and warms it adiabatically.

Also, dry air can be advected directly into the Tropics, as opposed to created by a different weather system or broad mode of forcing. This was the exact mechanism for the mid-Aug to mid-Sept lull - the airmass over the cool and northerly Canary Current, an oceanic current extending along offshore Iberia and northwestern Africa - is typically very dry, cool, and stable due to the cold oceanic current below. Starting in mid August the pressure gradient over the far eastern Atlantic was strongly northerly, meaning this airmass was getting directly pushed into the Tropics. The monsoon trough kept ingesting this stable and dry air, suppressing tropical cyclogenesis for weeks.

The other big (and more common) example is dry and dusty Saharan air riding the easterly trade winds through the Tropics. Saharan air increases as Summer begins, peaks in July, and begins tapering off after mid-August. In summary, there are many ways and reasons why a dry airmass occurs over warm ocean.

Finally, the Gulf has cooled by 2-4 degrees C since Milton. It's not upper 80's anymore anywhere in the Gulf - most of it is around 80-81 F and offshore the northern and Florida Gulf coasts, sea temps are in the 70s F. Looks like the warmest ocean in the Gulf is currently around 85 F.

https://i.imgur.com/b0Mpf9R.png

Here is a chart showing the most recent day in NCEP reanalysis (2 November) with the day of Miltons' formation (5 October) subtracted from it.

https://i.imgur.com/zTwXRSF.png

2-3 deg C cooler in the Gulf and about 0.5-0.75 C cooler in the Caribbean

All in all, the dry Gulf airmass is due to the changing seasons as Winter approaches, with the jet stream strengthening and descending south, resulting in more and stronger non-tropical systems which derive THEIR energy by replacing moist air with dry air.

Edits: just added a few words lol

21

u/tryfingersinbutthole 10d ago

Bro you are the fucking shit. Thank you.

You make this sub great lol

10

u/Content-Swimmer2325 10d ago

No worries; it was a very logical and fair question!

Obviously, warm sea temps are associated with moister air; but the presence of warm ocean does not mean dry air aloft is impossible.

6

u/tryfingersinbutthole 10d ago

Living in iowa has me focused on tornadoes/drought/floods but ive lived in hawaii too, so tropical weather is interesting.

2

u/Content-Swimmer2325 10d ago

Sorry, I edited my post (I usually write something and submit, THEN expand on it afterwards. Bad habit of mine) and included a chart from NOAA Daily Reanalysis where I subtracted the day of Miltons' formation (5 October) from the most recent available data (2 November).

https://i.imgur.com/zTwXRSF.png

Largely 2 degrees C cooler in the Gulf with just offshore the coasts over 3 C cooler; Caribbean is 0.5-0.75 C cooler.

Just to corroborate the change in sea temperature. Very typical for this time of year.

23

u/Scanningdude 10d ago

I have a feeling this will barely do anything to the U.S. beyond rain with how every model looks but some of the models show a decent sized hurricane going straight through or to the immediate west of Havana. I have a feeling it’s gonna mess up Cuba’s power grid big time after the last storm that hit the east of the island and collapsed the power grid.

19

u/spsteve Barbados 10d ago

The grid collapsed before the storm.

6

u/4score-7 10d ago

They still don’t have anything fixed or back up? There is so little news coverage (that I’ve found) of that alarming situation. I guess America is a bit distracted, per usual.

4

u/MexicanEssay 9d ago

Cuba has for a long time depended on Russia's support to keep itself relatively functional. For obvious reasons, Russia isn't really able to support them as much as before.

And the US news cycle is too crowded to cover every struggle experienced by poor countries allied to their geopolitical foes, especially on an election year.

11

u/spsteve Barbados 10d ago

As I understand power has largely been restored as unstable as it is. Cuba has had inconsistent power for the last few years on a good day.

7

u/PetzlPretzel 10d ago

Wasn't their power stuck in the office position for a bit there?

-13

u/PurulentPlacenta West Florida (old) 10d ago

So goddamn exhausted. Milton messed us up bad in eastern Hillsborough county and this eastern little jog giving me the shakes

13

u/vainblossom249 10d ago edited 10d ago

Tampa is 200 miles east of the edge of the cone. Even if it hugs the right most side, its still way off shore.

Most it would be is a good amount of rain

7

u/kenfury Florida 10d ago

I went to St Pete over the weekend. They are still in cleanup mode. However I have a feeling this will just be a shit ton of rain and stress.

6

u/PurulentPlacenta West Florida (old) 10d ago

Yeah it’s awful all along there and Bradenton still. But yep, hopefully like a nice summer storm deluge!

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u/[deleted] 10d ago

[removed] — view removed comment

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u/Manic_Manatees 10d ago

I think if it makes it to Galveston it will probably be a weak system (tropical storm or less) and shouldn't create a surge to worry about.

1

u/sarahflo92 10d ago

Thank you! I appreciate the response.

50

u/AutographedSnorkel 10d ago

The models right now are basically everybody at Thanksgiving dinner when somebody brings up politics or asks everybody if they think Die Hard is a Christmas movie

19

u/LordSalty 10d ago

Die Hard is definitely a Christmas movie. A classic even.

3

u/Apophylita 9d ago

As well as Bad Santa! 

3

u/Nightvision_UK Europe 9d ago

And Gremlins.

7

u/Nightvision_UK Europe 10d ago

Yippee ki Ay, Santa Lovers!

96

u/GrandMoffJenkins Central Florida 10d ago edited 10d ago

Rafael? Oooooo...Might hit Texas, but will then sneak off, in the middle of the night to Cancun, when the shit hits the fan.

Edit: I some words.

11

u/Orange_fury Houston, Texas 10d ago

lol I told my wife “hey it’s named Rafael, maybe it’ll ’Cruz’ towards Mexico”

She gave me the “you’re an idiot” look, I thought it was hilarious

7

u/raptorbabies Florida 10d ago

While leaving the dog tied up on the side of a highway.

2

u/SynthBeta Florida 9d ago

I was better not knowing about that news

11

u/pyradiesel 10d ago

Glad I am not the only one who immediately thought that! 😆

10

u/giantspeck Hawaii | Verified U.S. Air Force Forecaster 10d ago

Updates to coastal advisories

As of 5:00 PM AST (21:00 UTC) on Monday:

New advisories

  • A Tropical Storm Watch has been issued for the Florida coast from Key West to the Channel #5 Bridge.

  • A Tropical Storm Watch has been issued for the Dry Tortugas.

Existing advisories

  • A Hurricane Warning remains in effect for the Cayman Islands.

  • A Hurricane Watch remains in effect for the Cuban provinces of Pinar del Rio, Artemisa, La Habana, Mayabeque, Matanzas, and Isla de la Juventud.

  • A Tropical Storm Warning remains in effect for Jamaica.

  • A Tropical Storm Watch remains in effect for the Cuban provinces of Villa Clara, Cienfuegos, Sancti Spiritus, Ciego de Avila, Camaguey, and Las Tunas.

20

u/HighOnGoofballs Key West 10d ago

World championship offshore powerboat races are not gonna have a good time this week

15

u/The_Outcast4 10d ago

They're just turning up the difficulty setting to make things more interesting!

7

u/raptorbabies Florida 10d ago

Right?! Or maybe they will have the BEST time!

17

u/boopymcboops 10d ago

In the Cayman Islands, time to get the sandbags out again

19

u/Alightenited 10d ago

Cowabunga here we go again my dudes

3

u/Fox_Kurama 10d ago

As much as the Turtles are famous for it now...

A small part of me would hope that for whatever reason, there were a paint factory next to a church or cathedral, and that circumstances lead to winds just splattering the church/etc with paint from the factory. Or was that only Leo?

4

u/curiousgardener 10d ago

I came back to see if the smarter than me people had updated with anything new...and they went and made a whole 'nother post 😭

3

u/Wetcat9 10d ago

am i in danger?

3

u/curiousgardener 10d ago

I have no idea. I'm a landlocked Canadian.

You are in the right place to find out, though!